Fact Sheets Sources

Abortion is Ableist Fact Sheet

  1.  Institute, Charlotte Lozier. “New Study: Abortion after Prenatal Diagnosis of down Syndrome Reduces down Syndrome Community by Thirty Percent.” Lozier Institute, 21 Apr. 2015, lozierinstitute.org/new-study-abortion-after-prenatal-diagnosis-of-down-syn-drome-reduces-down-syndrome-community-by-thirty-percent/.
  2.  Global Down Syndrome Foundation. “FAQ and Facts about down Syndrome.” 18 May 2023, www.globaldownsyndrome.org/about-down-syndrome/facts-about-down-syndrome/. 
  3.  Ibid
  4. Skotko BG, Levine SP, Goldstein R. Self-perceptions from people with Down syndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 2011 Oct;155A(10):2360-9. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34235. Epub 2011 Sep 9.
  5. Johnson CY, Honein MA, Dana Flanders W, Howards PP, Oakley GP Jr, Ras-mussen SA. “Pregnancy termination following prenatal diagnosis of anencephaly or spina bifida: a systematic review of the literature.” Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2012 Nov;94(11):857-63. doi: 10.1002/bdra.23086. Epub 2012 Oct 25.
  6. Spina Bifida Association of Western Pennsylvania “What Is Spina Bifida.” 8 Jan. 2021, sbawp.org/what-is-spina-bifida-6/.
  7.  Spina Bifida Resource Center “Guide & FAQ on Adults Living with Spina Bifida.” www.spinabifida.net/complications/social/adults-living-with-spina-bifida/. Accessed 26 Oct. 2023.
  8. Inácio, Patricia. “CF Prenatal Screening Impacts Pregnancy Outcomes, Review Finds.” Cystic Fibrosis News Today, 17 Sept. 2019, cysticfibrosisnewstoday.com/news/prenatal-screening-impacts-pregnancy-outcomes-review/.
  9.  “What’s the Life Expectancy for Someone with Cystic Fibrosis?” cystic-fibrosis.com/life-expectancy. Accessed 26 Oct. 2023.
  10. “Diagnosis of Birth Defects.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 28 June 2023, www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/diagnosis.html
  11. Derbyshire SWG and Bockmann JC, Reconsidering fetal pain, J Med Ethics 46, 3-6, 2020; Ohashi Y et al., Success rate and challenges of fetal anesthesia for ultrasound guided fetal intervention by maternal opioid and benzodiazepine administration, J Maternal-Fetal Neonatal Medicine 26, 158, 2013; and Sekulic S et al. Appearance of fetal pain could be associated with maturation of the mesodiencephalic structures. Journal of Pain Research 9, 1031-1038, 2016, DOI: 10.2147/JPR.S117959; Bellieni CV, Analgesia for Fetal Pain During Prenatal Surgery: 10 Years of Progress, Pediatric Research 89, 1612, 2020, DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01170-2humanlifealliance

Abortion is Harmful to Women Fact Sheet

  1. Gissler,M, Karalis, E, Ulander, V.M. “Suicide rate after induced abortion decreased in Finland after Current Care Guidelines” The European Journal of Public Health, 31 October 2014.
  2. Garfinkel,B. et al. “Stress, Depression and Suicide: A Study of Adolescents in Minnesota,” Responding to High Risk Youth (University of Minnesota: Minnesota Extension Service, 1986).
  3. Cougle, Jesse R., Reardon, David C., Coleman, Priscilla K. “Depression associated with abortion and childbirth: a long-term analysis of the NLSY cohort.” Med Science Monitor 2003; 9(4): CR105-112 ID: 4701
  4. Selner, Marissa. “Ectopic Pregnancy: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments.” Healthline, Healthline Media, 8 Jan. 2018, https://www.healthline.com/health/pregnancy/ectopic-pregnancy.
  5. Butler Tobah, Yvonne. “Elective Abortion: Does It Affect Subsequent Pregnancies?” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 3 Aug. 2022, https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/expert-answers/abortion/faq-20058551.
  6. Agolli, Arjola, et al. “Secondary Infertility Due to Fetal Bone Retention.” Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, vol. 22, no. 4, 2022, pp. 448–454., https://doi.org/10.18295/squmj.6.2022.042.
  7. Lee,S.J., Steer,P.J.,Filippi, V. “Seasonal patterns and preterm birth: a systematic review of the literature and an analysis in a London-based cohort” British Journal of Medicine, DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.01055.x. Web.
  8. Studnicki J, Longbons T, Reardon DC, Fisher JW, Harrison DJ, Skop I, Cirucci CA, Craver C, Tsulukidze M, Ras Z. The Enduring Association of a First Pregnancy Abortion with Subsequent Pregnancy Outcomes: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. Health Serv Res Manag Epidemiol. 11 Oct. 2022, DOI: 10.1177/23333928221130942.
  9. Coleman, P.K., Maxey, C.D., Rue, V.M., Coyle, C.T. “Associations between voluntary and involuntary forms of perinatal loss and child maltreatment among low-income mothers.” Acta Paediatrica. 2005 Oct;94(10):1476-83. Web. 
  10.  Lee,S.J., Steer,P.J.,Filippi, V. “Seasonal patterns and preterm birth: a systematic review of the literature and an analysis in a London-based cohort” British Journal of Medicine, DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.01055.x. Web.
  11. Huang Y, Zhang X, Li W, Song F, Dai H, Wang J, Gao Y, Liu X, Chen C, Yan Y, Wang Y, Chen K., “A meta-analysis of the association between induced abortion and breast cancer risk among Chinese females.“ Cancer Causes Control. 2014 Feb;25 (2):227-36. DOI: 10.1007/s10552-013-0325-7.
  12.  Dolle JM, Daling JR, White E, Brinton LA, Doody DR, Porter PL, Malone KE. Risk factors for triple-negative breast cancer in women under the age of 45 years. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009 Apr;18(4):1157-66. DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-1005.
  13. Sajadi-Ernazarova KR, Martinez CL. Abortion Complications. Jan 2023, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430793/?report=classic
  14.  Beshar, Isabel, et al. “Discovery of an Ectopic Pregnancy after Attempted Self-Managed Abortion.” New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 388, no. 3, 2023, pp. 278–279., https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmc2214213.
  15. Sharma N, Das R, Ahanthem SS, Reddy K. Misoprostol Induced Convulsion-A Rare Side Effect of Misoprostol. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017 Feb;11(2):QD01-QD02. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/23396.9189.
  16. Giorgi, Anna, and Valinda Riggins Nwadike. “Abortion with Septic Shock.” Healthline, Healthline Media, 20 July 2022, https://www.healthline.com/health/abortion-with-septic-shock.
  17. Gaufberg, Slava V. “Abortion Complications Clinical Presentation.” History, Physical Examination, Medscape, 17 Mar. 2022, https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/795001-clinical.

African American Abortion Stats Fact Sheet

Curtin, Sally C., M.A., et al. “Deaths: Leading Causes for 2021.” CDC, vol. 73, no. 4, April 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr73/nvsr73-04.pdf. Accessed 11 October 2024

 Spencer, Merianne Rose, M.P.H., et al. “Drug Overdose Deaths in the United States, 2001–2021: NCHS Data Brief.” National Center for Health Statistics, No. 457, Table 3, December 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db457-tables.pdf#3. Accessed 11 October 2024

 Kortsmit, Katherine, et al. “Abortion Surveillance — United States, 2021.” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Surveillance Summaries, vol. 72, no. 9, November 24, 2023, pp.1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss7209a1. Accessed 11 October 2024

 Diamant, Jeff, et al. “What the data says about abortion in the U.S.” Pew Research Center, 25 March 2024. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/03/25/what-the-data-says-about-abortion-in-the-us/. Accessed 12 August 2024

Brain Death Fact Sheet

  1.  A Definition of Irreversible Coma: Report of the Ad Hoc Committee of the Harvard Medical School to Examine the Definition of Brain Death, 1968.
  2.  Uniform Determination of Death Act. 
  3.  Neurology. 2008;70;284-289. 
  4.  “Brain Death” is Not Death!, 2005.

Chemical Birth Control Fact Sheet

  1.  https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/birth-control-pill/how-safe-is-the-birthcontrol-pill
  2. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/minipill/about/pac-20388306 
  3. https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/birth-control-shot/what-are-the-disadvantages-of-the-birth-control-shot 
  4. https://www.rxlist.com/ortho-evra-side-effects-drug-center.htm 
  5. https://www.nuvaring.com/ 
  6. https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/birth-control-implant-implanon/how-safe-is-the-birth-control-implant 
  7. https://www.planbonestep.com/safety-and-side-effects.aspx 
  8.  http://www.hra-pharma.com/PIL/UK/
  9. https://www.rxlist.com/mifeprex-ru486-drug.htm#side_effects

Gendercide Marked For Death Because of Gender Fact Sheet

  1. State of the World Population 2020, UNFPA, www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/UNFPA_PUB_2020_EN_State_of_World_Population.pdf 
  2. Worldometer Countries in the World by Population (2023) www.worldometers.info/world-population/population-by-country/

IVF Fact Sheet

  1.  https://www.cdc.gov/art/pdf/2012-report/national-summary/art_2012_national_summary_report.pdf
  2.  http://www.usccb.org/upload/invitro-fertilization-human-cost.pdf
  3. http://nationalpost.com/news/in-vitro-fertilization-linked-to-rare-genetic-disorders
  4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2720715/
  5. http://nationalpost.com/health/ivf-mix-ups-lead-to-babies-born-with-unintended-parentage

Maternal Mortality Fact Sheet

“Maternal Mortality.” World Health Organization, 22 Feb. 2023, www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/maternal-mortality. | 

“Delivery Care,” Dec. 2022, data.unicef.org/topic/maternal-health/delivery-care/.

“Levels and Trends of Maternal Mortality Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and UNDESA/Population Division.” 1 Feb. 2023, mmr2020.srhr.org/.

Sajadi-Ernazarova KR, Martinez CL. Abortion Complications. Jan 2023, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430793/?report=classic

Koch E, Chireau M, Pliego F, et alAbortion legislation, maternal healthcare, fertility, female literacy, sanitation, violence against women and maternal deaths: a natural experiment in 32 Mexican states, doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006013

Sayinzoga F, Bijlmakers L, van Dillen J, Mivumbi V, Ngabo F, van der Velden K. Maternal death audit in Rwanda 2009-2013: a nationwide facility-based retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2016 Jan 22 doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009734.

STI Fact Sheet  

  1.  “Sexually Transmitted Infections Surveillance, 2023: Table 2. Trends in Reported Cases and Rates of Reported Cases for Nationally Notifiable STIs, United States.” CDC, 12 November 2024, https://www.cdc.gov/sti-statistics/data-vis/table-trends.html. Accessed 11 April 2025. 
  2.  Kreisel, Kristen M. PhD, et al. “Sexually Transmitted Infections Among US Women and Men: Prevalence and Incidence Estimates, 2018.” CDC: Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Vol. 48, no. 4, 1 April 2021, pp. 208–214, https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/129641. Accessed 11 April 2025. 
  3. "Sexually Transmitted Infections Surveillance, 2023: Table 2. Trends in Reported Cases and Rates of Reported Cases for Nationally Notifiable STIs, United States.” CDC, https://www.cdc.gov/sti-statistics/data-vis/table-trends.html.  
  4.  Kreisel, Kristen M. PhD, et al. “Sexually Transmitted Infections Among US Women and Men: Prevalence and Incidence Estimates, 2018.” CDC, https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/129641.   
  5.  Ibid. 
  6. Kreisel, Kristen M. PhD, et al. “The Burden of and Trends in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in the United States, 2006–2016.” The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 224, no. 2, 15 August 2021, pp. S103-S112, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa771.   
  7. “HIV Surveillance Report: Diagnoses, Deaths, and Prevalence of HIV in the United States and 6 Territories and Freely Associated States, 2022.” CDC: HIV Surveillance Report, vol. 35, 21 May 2024, https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/156509. Accessed 11 April 2025. 
  8.  “Sexually Transmitted Infections Surveillance, 2023: Table 2. Trends in Reported Cases and Rates of Reported Cases for Nationally Notifiable STIs, United States.” CDC, 12 November 2024, https://www.cdc.gov/sti-statistics/data-vis/table-trends.html. Accessed 11 April 2025. 

Top 10 Abstinence Fact Sheet

Violence Fact Sheet

  1.  https://www.pop.org/project/stop-sex-selective-abortion/1. https://www.pop.org/project/stop-sex-selective-abortion/

When Does Life Begin Fact Sheet

  1. Kischer CW. “When Does Human Life Begin? The Final Answer.” The Linacre Quarterly, vol. 70, no 4, 2003, pp. 326-339. doi.org/10.1080/20508549.2003.11877691.
  2. Mayo Clinic Staff. “Fetal Development: the 1st Trimester.” Mayo Clinic, 3 June 2022. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/prenatal-care/art-20045302. 
  3. Sadler, T.W. Langman’s Medical Embryology. 15th ed., Wolters Kluwer, 2024, pp. 38-42.
  4. Moore, Keith L., et al. “The Cardiovascular System,” in The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology. 11th ed. Elsevier, 2020.
  5. Hamlin, Hannibal, MD. “Life or Death by EEG.” JAMA, vol. 190, no. 2, 12 October 1964, pp. 112-114. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1964.03070150022004. Accessed 13 August 2025.
  6. Sadler, Thomas W. Langman’s Medical Embryology, 15th ed., Wolters Kluwer, 2023, pp. 313-315.
  7. deVries, J.I.P., et al. “The Emergence of Fetal Behavior.” Early Human Development. Vol 12, 1985, p. 108.
  8. Mayo Clinic Family Health Book. 5th ed. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER), 2018, p. 116. Valman, Pearson. “What the Fetus Feels.” British Medical Journal, 26 January 1980, p. 234.
  9. Mayo Clinic Family Health Book. 5th ed., 2018, p. 116.
  10. Britt, Robert Roy. “Lasting Impression: How Fingerprints Are Created.” LiveScience, 2 November 2004. www.livescience.com/30-lasting-impression-fingerprints-created.html. Accessed 13 August 2025.
  11. Flanagan, Geraldine Lux. Beginning Life. DK Publishing, 1996, pp. 59-65.
  12. Sadler, Thomas W. Langman’s Medical Embryology, 14th ed., 2019. 
  13. Boyd-Barrett, Claudia. “When can your baby hear you?” Babycenter, reviewed by Donner, Liz, M.D. https://www.babycenter.com/pregnancy/your-baby/fetal-development-your-babys-hearing_20004866. Accessed 26 August 2025.
  14. Mayo Clinic Family Health Book. 5th ed., 2018, p. 118.
  15. Ibid.
  16. “Weeks 19 & 20: Breathing, crying, and the rooting reflex.” Lozier Institute: The Voyage of Life, updated 22 November 2023. https://lozierinstitute.org/fetal-development/weeks-19-and-20/. Accessed 26 August 2025. 
  17. Wick, Myra J., M.D., Ph.D. Mayo Clinic Guide to a Healthy Pregnancy. 3rd ed., MFMER, 2024, pp. 155-157. 
  18. “Month 6: Response to sound, light, and maternal diet.” Lozier Institute: The Voyage of Life, updated 17 January 2024. https://lozierinstitute.org/fetal-development/month-6/. Accessed 26 August 2025. 
  19. Mayo Clinic Family Health Book. 5th ed., 2018, p. 121.
  20. Gordon, Debra MD. “Pregnancy.” The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. 2nd ed., 2001. 
  21. Ibid.
  22. Ibid.
  23. Sassone, Robert L. “Interview with Prof. Sir A William Liley.” The Tiniest Humans. American Life League, Inc., 1977.