Contraception Has Consequences

Chemical Contraception is often times seen as a solution for sexually active women wishing to avoid pregnancy. This fact card explores the consequences of this form of contraception and makes the case for why it should be avoided.

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Sources: 1 van Hylckama Vlieg A, et al. Venous thrombotic risk of oral contraceptives, effects of oestrogen dose and progestogen type: results of the MEGA case-control study. BMJ 2009; 339 doi:10.136/bmj.b2921. | 2 “Oral Contraceptive Use and Bone Density in Adolescent and Young Adult Women.” PubMed Central (PMC), www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2822656/ | 3 Roach, Rachel E.J., et al. “Combined Oral Contraceptives: the Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Ischemic Stroke.” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 27 Aug. 2015, www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD011054.pub2/abstract. | 4 Franceschi S, et al. Genital warts and cervical neoplasia: an epidemiological study. Br J Cancer 1983; 48:621-28. | 5 Kahlenborn C, et al. Oral contraceptive use as a risk factor for premenopausal breast cancer: A meta-analysis. 2006 Mayo Clinic Proc 2006; 81(10):1290-1302. | 6 IARC 2007 Monograph 91. Combined estrogen-progestogen contraceptives and combined estrogen-progestogen menopausal therapy. Available at: http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol91/mono91.pdf | 7 Dolle J, et al. Risk factors for triple negative breast cancer in women under the age of 45. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18(4):1157-65.| 8 Moreno V, et al. Effect of oral contraceptives on risk of cervical cancer in women with HPV infection. The IARC multicentric case control study. Lancet 2002; Mar 30; 359(9312):1085-92. | 9 Hellwig, K., Chen, L., Stancyzk, F. and Langer-Gould, A. (2016). Oral Contraceptives and Multiple Sclerosis/Clinically Isolated Syndrome Susceptibility, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4780760/. | 10 Soroush, Ali, et al. “The Role of Oral Contraceptive Pills on Increased Risk of Breast Cancer in Iranian Populations: A Meta-Analysis.” Journal of Cancer Prevention, Korean Society of Cancer Prevention, 30 Dec. 2016, www.jcpjournal.org/journal/view.html?volume=21&number=4&spage=294. | 11 “Products.” Janssen United States. 2016. Web. | 12 Ibid. | 13 World Health Organization, 2021, Agents Classified by the IARC Monographs, Volumes 1–129, monographs.iarc.who.int/list-of-classifications. | 14 Larimore, W. L., and Joseph B. Stanford. “Postfertilization Effects of Oral Contraceptives and Their Relationship to Informed Consent.” Archives of Family Medicine 9.2 (2000): 126-33. Print. | 15 Obstetrics & Gynecology 26.3 (1965). Print.

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